Basahin muna ang review materials tungkol sa Punctuation Rules
This guide will cover the essential punctuation marks such as commas, semicolons, colons, apostrophes, quotation marks, and more, providing a solid foundation for anyone looking to improve their writing skills.
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Which sentence correctly uses commas?
Which sentence correctly uses a semicolon?
Which sentence correctly uses a colon?
Which sentence correctly uses an apostrophe for possession?
Which sentence correctly uses quotation marks?
A conjunction comma is used to separate two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
Examples:
I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.
She loves reading books, and she often visits the library.
We can go to the beach, or we can stay home and watch a movie.
The serial comma, also known as the Oxford comma or Harvard comma, is the comma placed before the conjunction (usually “and” or “or”) in a list of three or more items. It helps to clarify the separation of items in a series.
Examples:
I bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
For breakfast, I had eggs, toast, and coffee.
I dedicate this book to my parents, Ayn Rand, and God.
The quote comma, also known as the punctuation inside quotation marks, follows specific rules in American English
Examples:
“I will be there soon,” she said.
He said, “Let’s go to the park.”
“When I was young,” she began, “I loved to read fairy tales.”
“We need to leave now,” he insisted.
An interjection comma is used to set off an interjection—a word or phrase that expresses emotion or a reaction—from the rest of the sentence. Interjections can be mild or strong, and the comma helps to convey the appropriate pause or separation.
Examples:
“Well, I suppose we could try that.”
“Oh, I didn’t know you were coming.”
“Yes, I would love to join you.”
“Wow, that was an incredible performance!”
“Hey, don’t forget your keys.”
“Oh no, we missed the bus.”
A time comma, also known as a comma used in dates and times, helps to separate various elements of a date or time to improve clarity.
Examples:
“She was born on July 4, 2000, in New York.”
“The meeting is scheduled for March 15, 2023.”
“The train departs at five o’clock, forty-five minutes past the hour.”
The semicolon (;) is a versatile punctuation mark that connects closely related ideas, adds clarity to complex lists, and enhances the readability of sentences. Understanding how to properly use semicolons can greatly improve your writing skills.
A semicolon is used to connect two independent clauses that are closely related in thought. Unlike a comma, a semicolon indicates a stronger separation between the clauses while still showing their connection.
Example:
When an independent clause is connected to another independent clause with a conjunctive adverb (such as however, therefore, moreover, consequently, etc.), a semicolon should precede the conjunctive adverb, and a comma should follow it.
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Use a semicolon to separate items in a list when the items themselves contain commas. This helps to avoid confusion and ensures that the list is easily readable.
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Semicolons can be used to avoid confusion in sentences where commas are already used for smaller separations.
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The colon (:) is a punctuation mark used to introduce lists, quotations, explanations, and more. It helps to direct the reader’s attention to the information that follows and provides emphasis.
A colon is often used to introduce a list, especially after an independent clause (a complete sentence).
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A colon can be used to introduce a quotation, particularly after an independent clause.
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A colon can introduce an explanation, a definition, or an example that elaborates on the preceding clause.
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A colon can be used to emphasize a particular point or detail that follows an independent clause.
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A colon can be used between two independent clauses when the second clause explains, illustrates, or expands on the first.
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Contractions are shortened forms of words or combinations of words created by omitting certain letters and sounds. An apostrophe (‘) is used in place of the omitted letters. Understanding how to correctly use apostrophes in contractions can enhance both your writing and speaking skills.
Here are some common contractions and the words they represent:
To form contractions, identify the words you want to combine and omit certain letters. Use an apostrophe to indicate the omitted letters.
Examples:
Replace Omitted Letters: Always place the apostrophe where letters have been omitted.
Singular and Plural Pronouns: Use apostrophes to form contractions with both singular and plural pronouns.
Avoid Double Apostrophes: When combining two contractions, avoid using double apostrophes.
Quotation marks (” “) are punctuation marks used to indicate direct speech, quotations from texts, titles of certain works, and to highlight specific words or phrases. Understanding the correct use of quotation marks can help you accurately convey spoken words, cite sources, and emphasize parts of your writing.
Quotation marks are used to enclose direct speech or dialogue, indicating the exact words spoken by someone.
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Use quotation marks to quote text from books, articles, speeches, or other sources.
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Quotation marks are used for the titles of short works such as articles, poems, short stories, songs, and chapters of books.
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Quotation marks can be used to highlight or emphasize a specific word or phrase, often to indicate irony, sarcasm, or an unusual usage.
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Punctuation marks such as commas and periods typically go inside the quotation marks in American English. Other punctuation marks like colons, semicolons, question marks, and exclamation points are placed inside the quotation marks only if they are part of the quoted material.
Hyphens (-) are punctuation marks used to join words or parts of words. They are essential for clarity in writing, preventing ambiguity, and ensuring accurate meaning. Understanding the correct use of hyphens can significantly enhance your writing skills.
Hyphens are used to form compound words, which are words made up of two or more words joined together to create a new meaning.
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When two or more words are used together as an adjective before a noun, they are often hyphenated to show they are one unit modifying the noun.
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Hyphens are used in compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and in fractions used as adjectives.
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Hyphens are sometimes used with prefixes and suffixes, especially to avoid confusion or awkward spelling.
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Hyphens can be used to avoid ambiguity in sentences where the meaning might be unclear without them.
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Use a hyphen when a prefix is followed by a proper noun or adjective.
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